{"id":753,"date":"2025-01-22T12:24:42","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T12:24:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/?post_type=biomarker-solutions&#038;p=753"},"modified":"2025-06-01T09:16:05","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T09:16:05","slug":"viral-liver-diseases","status":"publish","type":"biomarker-solution","link":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/hepatic\/viral-liver-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"Viral Liver Diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Biomarkers in viral liver diseases (hepatitis)<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>Although there are several diagnostic tools and measures of disease activity in viral liver diseases, some are invasive while others have limited predictive power. Predicting disease progression, especially in cirrhosis, has proven difficult.<\/p>\n<p>Patients respond differently to viral infections, and predicting which patients will progress and when is currently impossible. There is a need for new treatments that can better control or cure viral liver disease. To achieve this, non-invasive tests (NITs) are needed to improve the screening process and the evaluation of treatment efficacy.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"mb-1 small-title group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">Did you know?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n<p>The use of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/blog\/biomarkers-in-drug-development\/\">non-invasive biomarkers<\/a>\u00a0in viral liver diseases can accelerate the drug development process and enable personalized treatment options for the patients at risk of progression to cirrhosis, therefore, preventing end-stage liver disease death.<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:buttons --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:buttons --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"mt-8 mb-4 xl:mb-8 links\">\n                        <h3 class=\"mb-2 text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm\">Publications<\/h3>\n                        <ul class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-2\">\n                                                                                                 <li>\n                                        <a class=\"inline-block transition ease-out duration-100 px-[6px] py-1 group-[.dark]:bg-[#434343] group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm bg-border rounded-sm text-blue xl:hover:bg-petroleum xl:hover:text-fontlight group-[.dark]:xl:hover:bg-petroleum group-[.dark]:xl:hover:text-fontlight\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/publication\/page\/2\/?search=%22hepatitis%20c%22\" target=\"_blank\">Hepatitis<\/a>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                                    <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/vld-block-side-64b648c6244d4.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row-reverse\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Nordic ProteinFingerPrint Technology\u2122 viral liver disease biomarkers<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>Viral liver diseases such as hepatitis are characterized by both inflammation and tissue fibrosis. The liver is rich in various collagens, proteoglycans, and matricellular proteins. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/blog\/why-measure-the-right-epitope-of-the-right-protein\/\">These proteins<\/a> are remodeled as part of liver homeostasis and regeneration. During remodeling, proteins are broken down and rebuilt as part of normal tissue repair and maintenance.<\/p>\n<p>In viral liver diseases, the balance between tissue breakdown and rebuilding is disturbed, resulting in net tissue formation leading to fibrosis buildup. Nordic Bioscience\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/blog\/extracellular-matric-animation\/\">extracellular matrix-based biomarkers<\/a> for liver fibrosis can quantify this tissue turnover in the liver directly in serological samples. What we offer is an\u00a0accurate liver fibrosis biomarker panel\u00a0that gives insight into disease progression.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\">\n<p><!-- \/wp:button --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-6 xl:mt-8 group dark-button\">\n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/therapeutic-area\/hepatic-diseases\/\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            xl:group-[.dark-button]:hover:text-fontlight\n            border-2 border-turquoise border-solid rounded-full\n            xl:hover:[&#038;_svg_path]:fill-fontlight\n            group\/button\n            \" target=\"_blank\">\n            Browse our liver biomarker portfolio            <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/shutterstock-2162135319-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Multimarker models for detection of fibrosis in chronic Hepatitis C patients<\/h2>\n            <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Nordic Bioscience biomarkers measured in serum differ in hepatitis C (HCV) and have been shown to help identify patients with high urgency of antiviral treatments (Metavir Fibrosis \u22653). Collagen formation (type III collagen;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>, type IV collagen;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c4\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1133\">PRO-C4<\/a>\u00a0or P4NP7S) and degradation (type I collagen;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/c1m\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1217\">C1M<\/a>, type III collagen;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/c3m\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"940\">C3M<\/a>, type IV collagen;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/c4m\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"957\">C4M<\/a>, type VI collagen; C6M) biomarkers are remodeled differently when comparing patients with early fibrosis (F0-F2), significant fibrosis (\u2265F2) and advanced fibrosis (\u2265F3).<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The combination of two collagen biomarkers,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/c4m\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"957\">C4M<\/a>, together with clinical features (gender, age, BMI) in a multiple-ordered logistic regression model shows improved value for identifying patients with significant (AUC=0.80) and advanced fibrosis (AUC = 0.88), as shown on Figure 1.[1]<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":755,\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/detection-of-fibrosis-in-hepatitis-c-nordic-bioscience.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" class=\"wp-image-755 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/detection-of-fibrosis-in-hepatitis-c-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/detection-of-fibrosis-in-hepatitis-c-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/detection-of-fibrosis-in-hepatitis-c-nordic-bioscience-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/detection-of-fibrosis-in-hepatitis-c-nordic-bioscience-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/detection-of-fibrosis-in-hepatitis-c-nordic-bioscience.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 1.\u00a0<\/strong>Collagen remodeling biomarkers detect fibrosis in chronic Hepatitis C<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4583995\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>]<\/sup><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<section class=\"call-to-action\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-greybg\n        bg-dark\n        xl:flex-row-reverse\n        xl:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 xl:gap-10 flex-col\">\n        <article style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/lila-2-webp-1024x682.webp)\" class=\"bg-cover shadow-main flex overflow-clip flex-col justify-between px-5 py-10 rounded-md bg-gray-600 xl:p-40 text-column xl:rounded-xl after:content-[''] after:block after:inset-0 relative after:absolute after:bg-gradient-to-b from-black\/0 to-black\">\n            <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto relative z-10\">\n                <div class=\"text-center text-balance\">\n                     \n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"mb-8 text-center !text-fontlight\/90 body-text text-balance\">\n                                            <\/div>\n                    \n                    \n                    <div class=\"flex flex-col items-center w-full gap-4 md:gap-6 xl:mt-8 xl:flex-row xl:justify-center group light-button\">\n                                                                                    <div class=\"w-full text-center md:w-auto\">\n\n                                            <a href=\"mailto:bd@nordicbioscience.com?subject=General%20Inquiry\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            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Reach out!            <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/article>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Type III collagen formation associates with outcomes in Hepatitis C<\/h2>\n            <p>Our biomarker\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0measured in serum allows us to quantify the formation of type III collagen in the liver and help predict outcomes in liver disease. In patients with hepatitis C, the levels of serum\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0are related to disease outcomes (Figure 2.) Patients with hepatitis C and higher serum levels of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0are more likely to have a sooner outcome than patients with low\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10240276\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"lightbox\":{\"enabled\":true},\"id\":757,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-predictor-of-clinical-outcome-nordic-bioscience-scaled.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-predictor-of-clinical-outcome-nordic-bioscience-1024x271.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-predictor-of-clinical-outcome-nordic-bioscience-1024x271.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-predictor-of-clinical-outcome-nordic-bioscience-300x79.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-predictor-of-clinical-outcome-nordic-bioscience-768x203.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-predictor-of-clinical-outcome-nordic-bioscience-1536x407.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-predictor-of-clinical-outcome-nordic-bioscience-2048x542.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Figure 2.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em><em><em>NordicPRO-C3\u2122\u00a0is a predictor of clinical outcome<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10240276\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>]<\/sup><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/therapeutic-area\/hepatic-diseases\/\">Find biomarkers for liver indications<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Biomarkers for pharmacodynamics and prediction of treatment response<\/h2>\n            <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Baseline levels of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0serve as a predictive factor for alterations in fibrogenesis among hepatitis C patients following treatment. The percentage changes in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>, specifically, are contingent upon the initial\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0levels. This implies that patients with higher baseline\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0might exhibit varying degrees of response to treatment with farglitazar compared to those with lower baseline\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0levels. These findings highlight the importance of considering baseline\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0levels when assessing the efficacy of farglitazar treatment in individuals with hepatitis C.[3]<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Baseline\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0levels are a reliable predictor of the changes observed in ISHAK score following farglitazar treatment among patients diagnosed with hepatitis C. The extent of alteration in ISHAK score during farglitazar treatment can be attributed to the initial levels of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>. Higher baseline\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0levels indicate a greater likelihood of significant modifications in ISHAK score following the administration of farglitazar for hepatitis C patients (Figure 3.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":756,\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-assesses-fibrogenesis-liver-fibrosis-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" class=\"wp-image-756 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-assesses-fibrogenesis-liver-fibrosis-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-assesses-fibrogenesis-liver-fibrosis-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-assesses-fibrogenesis-liver-fibrosis-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-assesses-fibrogenesis-liver-fibrosis-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-assesses-fibrogenesis-liver-fibrosis-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 3.\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">NordicPRO-C3\u2122<\/a>\u00a0assesses fibrogenesis in liver fibrosis and response to\u00a0treatment<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27765759\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3<\/a>]<\/sup><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/hepatic-diseases\/\">Browse other liver indications<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 lg:pb-0 xl:pb-0 p-5 pb-0 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n        <div>\n                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-lg text-navy\">About viral liver disease (hepatitis)<\/h2>\n         \n        <\/div>\n            <ul class=\"accordion\">\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"1\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">What is viral liver disease?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-1\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-1\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <div class=\"page-header page-header-custom-default\">\n<p>Viral liver disease is a generic term for liver damage caused by a viral infection.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/publications?q=hepatitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hepatitis B and C<\/a> are the most common viral infections that cause liver damage. Despite the different underlying viral infections, the pathogenesis of fibrosis can be divided into two phases. The acute inflammatory stage is followed by a chronic inflammatory stage with concurrent inflammatory, tissue destruction and repair processes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"2\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">How many people have hepatitis?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-2\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-2\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p>The prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C varies worldwide. In 2015, an estimated 2 billion people worldwide were infected with Hepatitis B, resulting in 650,000 deaths per year. An estimated 71 million people were infected with Hepatitis C in 2015.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"3\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">How is\u00a0hepatitis treated?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-3\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-3\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p>Treatment of the underlying viral infection is best. Currently, several antiviral drugs (lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, telbivudine, tenofovir, emtricitabine, standard and PEG-IFN) have shown to delay the progression of cirrhosis but rarely cure the viral infection. In most cases, therefore, lifelong treatment is required.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"4\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">How is\u00a0hepatitis diagnosed?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-4\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-4\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p>Diagnosis of hepatitis is based primarily on symptoms. Currently, diagnosis is based on the presence of a viral pathogen and blood tests to assess liver function. If blood tests indicate decreased liver function and advanced liver damage, further testing including imaging and liver biopsies may be required.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"5\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">Why are biomarkers important in viral hepatitis research?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-5\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-5\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"681\">Biomarkers provide a non-invasive method to assess liver fibrosis and inflammation in patients with viral hepatitis. They enable early detection of disease progression, improve treatment monitoring, and support more efficient drug development.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"1061\">\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"6\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">How can Nordic Bioscience\u2019s biomarkers support hepatitis clinical trials?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-6\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-6\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"1061\">Nordic Bioscience\u2019s ECM-based biomarkers, such as PRO-C3 and C4M, can quantify liver collagen remodeling in hepatitis B and C. These biomarkers help identify patients with advanced fibrosis, monitor pharmacodynamic response, and predict clinical outcomes, optimizing trial design and patient selection.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"7\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">Are non-invasive biomarkers more effective than liver biopsies?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-7\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-7\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p data-start=\"1063\" data-end=\"1361\">Non-invasive biomarkers offer a safer, more scalable alternative to liver biopsies. They reduce patient burden, can be repeated over time, and provide consistent data for tracking liver fibrosis progression and therapeutic efficacy.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"8\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">Can biomarkers predict treatment response in hepatitis C?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-8\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-8\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-78\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @[37rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @[72rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:32rem] @[34rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @[64rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto flex max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"854cda18-00be-4499-8183-7f9fdc6d689f\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words dark\">\n<p data-start=\"1363\" data-end=\"1676\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Yes, biomarkers like PRO-C3 can predict how patients with hepatitis C will respond to antifibrotic treatments. Baseline PRO-C3 levels are associated with changes in fibrosis scores, such as ISHAK, helping tailor treatment strategies for better outcomes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n    \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-greybg\n        bg-dark\n        xl:flex-row-reverse\n        xl:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 xl:gap-10 flex-col xl:flex-row-reverse\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 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action=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biomarker-solution\/753#wpcf7-f170-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"170\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.3\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f170-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_recaptcha_response\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<label>Your scientific area\n    <span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"scientific-area\"><select class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"scientific-area\"><option 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