{"id":736,"date":"2025-01-22T11:27:15","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T11:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/?post_type=biomarker-solutions&#038;p=736"},"modified":"2025-06-06T08:58:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T08:58:25","slug":"immune-mediated-liver-diseases","status":"publish","type":"biomarker-solution","link":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/hepatic\/immune-mediated-liver-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"Immune-mediated Liver Diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Biomarkers in immune-mediated liver diseases (AIH, PBS, PSC)<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>Immune-mediated liver diseases necessitate new biomarkers that can accurately assess the risk of disease progression and the likelihood of response to treatment. Fibrosis is a key histologic feature of immune-mediated liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"mb-1 small-title group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">Did you know?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n<div class=\"blog-item\">\n<div class=\"container-fluid container-master\">\n<div class=\"block block-mb-negative block-imgs-fg block-grid block-theme-blue block-v-sm text-left fancyfake-item\">\n<div class=\"row mx-0\">\n<div class=\"col-12 col-lg-6 px-0\">\n<div class=\"block-content\">\n<p>Non-invasive biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize the screening and treatment of immune-mediated liver diseases by providing a novel approach to determining and monitoring the severity of liver fibrosis and the progression of fibrotic processes.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, the development of such biomarkers has a large potential to improve the current methods of screening and the treatment of immune-mediated liver diseases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"mt-8 mb-4 xl:mb-8 links\">\n                        <h3 class=\"mb-2 text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm\">Publications<\/h3>\n                        <ul class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-2\">\n                                                                                                 <li>\n                                        <a class=\"inline-block transition ease-out duration-100 px-[6px] py-1 group-[.dark]:bg-[#434343] group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm bg-border rounded-sm text-blue xl:hover:bg-petroleum xl:hover:text-fontlight group-[.dark]:xl:hover:bg-petroleum group-[.dark]:xl:hover:text-fontlight\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/publication\/?search=%22autoimmune%20hepatitis%22\" target=\"_blank\">Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)<\/a>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                                                                                 <li>\n                                        <a class=\"inline-block transition ease-out duration-100 px-[6px] py-1 group-[.dark]:bg-[#434343] group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm bg-border rounded-sm text-blue xl:hover:bg-petroleum xl:hover:text-fontlight group-[.dark]:xl:hover:bg-petroleum group-[.dark]:xl:hover:text-fontlight\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/publication\/?search=%22cholangitis%22\" target=\"_blank\">Cholangitis<\/a>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                                    <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immld-block-side-64b670e9a04c4.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row-reverse\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Nordic ProteinFingerPrint Technology\u2122 biomarkers in end-stage liver disease<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>There are several types of immune-mediated liver diseases in adults such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/hepatic\/end-stage-liver-disease\/\">The development of cirrhosis<\/a> is a common endpoint of all chronic liver diseases. Nordic Bioscience offers a liver fibrosis biomarker panel that provides information on the risk of disease progression and the likelihood of response to treatment. \u00a0In addition,\u00a0Nordic Bioscience biomarkers\u00a0have shown prognostic value in chronic liver diseases.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0different types of immune-mediated liver diseases\u00a0each have different histological fibrosis patterns, for example, PBC features damage to intrahepatic bile ducts while PSC affects the medium to large extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. Consequently, there are also different serological profiles for different diseases. For example, while PBC, PSC and AIH patients have high turnover compared to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/gastrointestinal-diseases2__trashed\/ulcerative-colitis\/\">ulcerative colitis<\/a> patients, basement membrane matrix turnover is more pronounced in primary biliary\u00a0cholangitis\u00a0than in primary sclerosing cholangitis.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-6 xl:mt-8 group dark-button\">\n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/therapeutic-area\/hepatic-diseases\/\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            xl:group-[.dark-button]:hover:text-fontlight\n            border-2 border-turquoise border-solid rounded-full\n            xl:hover:[&#038;_svg_path]:fill-fontlight\n            group\/button\n            \" target=\"\">\n            Browse our liver biomarkers             <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biomarker-antibody2-nordic-bioscience.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Biomarkers of liver function in AIH, PBC and PSC<\/h2>\n            <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">In a study conducted, patients diagnosed with different immune-mediated liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were examined using a range of Nordic Bioscience\u2019s liver function biomarkers.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2589555920301129#fig1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>]\u00a0<\/sup>Specifically,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>, a marker of tissue formation, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/bgm\/\">BGM<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/c3m\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"940\">C3M<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/c4m\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"957\">C4M<\/a>, markers of tissue breakdown, were assessed.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, patients with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/gastrointestinal-diseases2__trashed\/ulcerative-colitis\/\" data-type=\"biomarker-solutions\" data-id=\"866\">ulcerative colitis (UC)<\/a>, a frequently coexisting condition with immune-mediated liver disease, were included for comparison. The results of this investigation unveiled distinct collagen profiles across various immune-mediated liver diseases (Figure 1).<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The identification and characterization of these collagen profiles hold promise for tailoring targeted treatments and advancing personalized medicine approaches for patients with different immune-mediated liver diseases.<!-- wp:image {\"lightbox\":{\"enabled\":true},\"id\":740,\"scale\":\"cover\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immune-mediated-liver-diseases-collagens-nordic-bioscience.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-740\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immune-mediated-liver-diseases-collagens-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immune-mediated-liver-diseases-collagens-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immune-mediated-liver-diseases-collagens-nordic-bioscience-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immune-mediated-liver-diseases-collagens-nordic-bioscience-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/immune-mediated-liver-diseases-collagens-nordic-bioscience.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 1.\u00a0<\/strong>Various immune-mediated liver diseases have different collagen profiles.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2589555920301129#fig1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>]<\/sup><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column-text group  bg-\">\n   <div class=\"inner lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:flex-row lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"w-full left-column lg:w-1\/2 xl:w-1\/2 wysiwyg\">\n             <h2>Prognostic value of nordicPRO-C3\u2122 and PRO-C5 in PSC<\/h2>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a progressive liver disease with a remarkably variable course.\u00a0Nordic Bioscience\u2019s biomarkers offer a viable alternative by measuring disease activity and providing prognostic models for predicting outcome.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29851098\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Extracellular matrix remodeling is elevated in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, identified by\u00a0ECM-based biomarkers.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1135\">PRO-C5<\/a>\u00a0levels in serum at baseline give insights into liver function and are predictive of transplant-free survival in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (Figure 2.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The odds ratio (OR) was calculated to predict transplant-free survival among PSC (Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis) patients by analyzing their serum levels of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c5\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1135\">PRO-C5<\/a>. This calculation compared patients in the highest tertile of serum levels with those in the lowest tertile for various markers, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/hepatic\/enhanced-liver-fibrosis-elf-test\/\">ELF-test<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c5\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1135\">PRO-C5<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/c3m\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"940\">C3M,<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/c4m\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"957\">C4M<\/a>, and the combination of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c3\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1083\">PRO-C3 (nordicPRO-C3\u2122)<\/a>\u2122 and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker\/pro-c5\/\" data-type=\"biomarker\" data-id=\"1135\">PRO-C5<\/a>.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"w-full right-column lg:w-1\/2 xl:w-1\/2 wysiwyg\">\n             <p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":742,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-pro-c5-prognostic-in-sclerosing-chongolitis-nordic-bioscience.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-742\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-pro-c5-prognostic-in-sclerosing-chongolitis-nordic-bioscience.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-pro-c5-prognostic-in-sclerosing-chongolitis-nordic-bioscience.webp 1280w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-pro-c5-prognostic-in-sclerosing-chongolitis-nordic-bioscience-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-pro-c5-prognostic-in-sclerosing-chongolitis-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-pro-c5-prognostic-in-sclerosing-chongolitis-nordic-bioscience-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 2.<\/strong>\u00a0NordicPRO-C3\u2122 and PRO-C5 show strong prognostic value in\u00a0primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR calculated based on patients in the highest tertile vs the lowest tertiles).<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n        <\/div>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"call-to-action\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-greybg\n        bg-dark\n        xl:flex-row-reverse\n        xl:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 xl:gap-10 flex-col\">\n        <article style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biomarker-antibody2-nordic-bioscience-1024x1024.webp)\" class=\"bg-cover shadow-main flex overflow-clip flex-col justify-between px-5 py-10 rounded-md bg-gray-600 xl:p-40 text-column xl:rounded-xl after:content-[''] after:block after:inset-0 relative after:absolute after:bg-gradient-to-b from-black\/0 to-black\">\n            <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto relative z-10\">\n                <div class=\"text-center text-balance\">\n                     \n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"mb-8 text-center !text-fontlight\/90 body-text text-balance\">\n                                            <\/div>\n                    \n                    \n                    <div class=\"flex flex-col items-center w-full gap-4 md:gap-6 xl:mt-8 xl:flex-row xl:justify-center group light-button\">\n                                                                                    <div class=\"w-full text-center md:w-auto\">\n\n                                            <a href=\"mailto:djl@nordicbio.com?cc=rve@nordicbio.com&#038;subject=Biomarkers%20in%20end-stage%20liver%20disease%20\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            xl:group-[.dark-button]:hover:text-fontlight\n            border-2 border-turquoise border-solid rounded-full\n            xl:hover:[&#038;_svg_path]:fill-fontlight\n            group\/button\n            \" target=\"\">\n            Interested to learn more? Reach out!            <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/article>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Biomarkers to monitor drug response and pharmacodynamics<\/h2>\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/nordic-pro-c3\/\">NordicPRO-C3\u2122<\/a> is our best in-house biomarker to assess fibrosis in patients with different liver diseases.\u00a0NordicPRO-C3\u2122 has been shown to be useful for the pharmacodynamic profiling of novel treatments for immune-mediated liver diseases.<\/p>\n<p>In primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, nordicPRO-C3\u2122 levels in serum demonstrated a rapid and sustained effect of treatment with aldafermin (Figure 3.)<sup>[<a title=\"Nielsen et al., 2018\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29851098\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">3<\/a>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In another study, it was shown that\u00a0aldafermin decreased the ratio of fibrogenesis to fibrolysis of collagen type III, measured by nordicPRO-C3\u2122\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/c3m\/\">C3M<\/a> ratio, suggesting a beneficial effect on primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated fibrosis.<sup>[<a title=\"Harrison et al., 2021\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0016508520350186#fig2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4<\/a>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":738,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"align\":\"center\",\"className\":\"wp-image-738 size-large\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-738 size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biomarkers-monitor-drug-response-pharmacodynamics-nordic-bioscience.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-738\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biomarkers-monitor-drug-response-pharmacodynamics-nordic-bioscience.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biomarkers-monitor-drug-response-pharmacodynamics-nordic-bioscience.webp 1280w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biomarkers-monitor-drug-response-pharmacodynamics-nordic-bioscience-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biomarkers-monitor-drug-response-pharmacodynamics-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biomarkers-monitor-drug-response-pharmacodynamics-nordic-bioscience-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><em><em><strong>Figure 3.<\/strong> NordicPRO-C3\u2122 demonstrates a strong association between effect of treatment and aldafermin.[4]<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">NordicPRO-C3\u2122 levels are able to identify which PSC patients with high fibrogenesis are more likely to respond to aldafermin therapy. Research shows that primary sclerosing cholangitis patients whose baseline nordicPRO-C3\u2122 levels were \u226520 ng\/mL had the greatest decrease in nordicPRO-C3\u2122 levels following treatment with different doses of aldafermin (Figure 4.) Patients with nordicPRO-C3\u2122 greater than or equal to 20 ng\/mL have a significant reduction in their nordicPRO-C3\u2122 level upon treatment with aldafermin<sup>[<a title=\"Hirschfield et al., 2019\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30414864\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">5<\/a>]<\/sup>\u00a0(an engineered analog of the gut hormone fibroblast growth factor 19, FGF19).<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":741,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-for-prediction-of-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-741\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-for-prediction-of-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" data-wp-editing=\"1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-for-prediction-of-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience.webp 1280w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-for-prediction-of-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-for-prediction-of-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pro-c3-for-prediction-of-treatment-response-nordic-bioscience-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 4. <\/strong>NordicPRO-C3\u2122 for prediction of treatment response.[5]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/therapeutic-area\/hepatic-diseases\/\">Find biomarkers for liver indications<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 lg:pb-0 xl:pb-0 p-5 pb-0 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n        <div>\n                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-lg text-navy\">About immune-mediated liver diseases<\/h2>\n         \n        <\/div>\n            <ul class=\"accordion\">\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"1\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">What are immune-mediated liver diseases?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-1\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-1\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p>There are several types of immune-mediated liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic disease in which the immune system attacks the liver and causes inflammation. If left untreated, autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Two types of autoimmune hepatitis have been distinguished: type I autoimmune hepatitis is the most common form, while type II is less common and usually affects young girls. The specific type of autoimmune hepatitis depends on the autoantibodies present and their target.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Primary biliary\u00a0cholangitis is an autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the bile ducts in the liver, leading to an accumulation of harmful bile acids called cholestasis.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, eventually leading to biliary strictures.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis is highly heterogeneous and likely immune-mediated, although the underlying etiology is poorly understood.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis eventually leads to the development of cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatic decompensation.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"2\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">How many people have immune-mediated liver disease?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-2\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-2\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p>The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis ranges from 4 to 42.9 cases per 100,000, with some races having a greater genetic prevalence than others, such as Alaska Natives.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Primary biliary\u00a0cholangitis\u00a0is most prevalent in northern Europe and the United States, with the prevalence of primary biliary\u00a0cholangitis\u00a0in the general population ranging from 6.7 to 402 cases per million.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis is more common in people of northern European descent, with a prevalence of 10 cases per 100,000 people.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"3\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">How is immune-mediated liver disease treated?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-3\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-3\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p>In most patients, autoimmune hepatitis cannot be cured, so the disease is controlled by the use of immunosuppressive drugs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Autoimmune hepatitis is treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisone and azathioprine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Primary biliary\u00a0cholangitis is treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid. Response to treatment is monitored by biochemical testing, particularly serological alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Currently, there is no specific treatment for primary sclerosing cholangitis. However, studies have shown that UDCA can slow disease progression by increasing bile acid flow and reducing inflammation.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"4\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">How is immune-mediated liver disease diagnosed?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-4\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-4\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p>Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is based on histologic abnormalities, clinical and biochemical findings, and the presence of autoantibodies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis requires the presence of at least two of the following criteria: a) biochemical evidence of cholestasis (i.e., high levels ALP), b) presence of antimitochondrial antibodies, and c) histopathologic evidence of cholangitis and bile duct destruction.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis is diagnosed by a combination of symptoms, biochemical tests, and imaging of the bile ducts called a cholangiogram. 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