{"id":7306,"date":"2025-06-03T14:49:24","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T14:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/?post_type=biomarker-solution&#038;p=7306"},"modified":"2025-06-04T07:46:50","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T07:46:50","slug":"diabetes","status":"publish","type":"biomarker-solution","link":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/obesity-and-metabolic-diseases\/diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Diabetes"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Biomarkers in diabetes<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>Diabetes significantly accelerates fibrotic and inflammatory processes in vital organs, yet current treatments leave a high residual risk of complications. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/blog\/why-measure-the-right-epitope-of-the-right-protein\/\">The right biomarkers<\/a> may offer a way to detect and quantify these underlying changes, particularly in kidney and cardiovascular tissues. By capturing early shifts in tissue dynamics, these biomarkers enable better risk stratification, selection, and evaluation of treatment efficacy\u2014supporting more targeted and effective management of diabetic complications.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the success of novel therapies, the residual risk of outcomes in persons with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains high. Therefore, novel biomarkers are needed to predict complications before clinical manifestations. There are currently no approved antifibrotic drugs capable of halting and\/or reversing progression of kidney and\/or cardiac fibrosis.<\/p>\n<p>As novel antifibrotic therapies enter clinical development in early phases of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/renal\/chronic-kidney-disease\/\">chronic kidney disease (CKD)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/renal\/diabetic-kidney-disease\/\">diabetic kidney disease (DKD)<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/cardiovascular-diseases\/\">cardiovascular disease (CVD)<\/a>, specific markers for selecting individuals and evaluating efficacy of treatment are needed.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"mt-8 mb-4 xl:mb-8 links\">\n                        <h3 class=\"mb-2 text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm\">Publications<\/h3>\n                        <ul class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-2\">\n                                                                                                 <li>\n                                        <a class=\"inline-block transition ease-out duration-100 px-[6px] py-1 group-[.dark]:bg-[#434343] group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm bg-border rounded-sm text-blue xl:hover:bg-petroleum xl:hover:text-fontlight group-[.dark]:xl:hover:bg-petroleum group-[.dark]:xl:hover:text-fontlight\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/publication\/publication-author\/genovese-f\/?search=%22diabetes%22\" target=\"\">Diabetes<\/a>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                                    <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/diabetes-webp.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row-reverse\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Nordic ProteinFingerPrint Technology\u2122 biomarkers in diabetes<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/technology\/nordic-proteinfingerprint-technology\/\">The Nordic ProteinFingerPrint Technology\u2122<\/a> allows the quantification of protein fragments generated by extracellular (ECM) turnover in both circulation and urine, thereby monitoring the processes of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/blog\/biomarkers-in-drug-development\/\">Non-invasive biomarkers<\/a> of formation and\/or degradation of different ECM proteins, such as collagens, can be used to study and advance our understanding of the fibrotic processes in the kidney and heart in people with diabetes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/blog\/extracellular-matric-animation\/\">Biomarkers of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling<\/a> are valuable tools for assessing disease activity, identifying individuals at increased risk of experiencing adverse outcomes,\u00a0selecting individuals who could benefit from preventive treatment, and enriching the clinical trial populations based on the risk of outcome.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-6 xl:mt-8 group dark-button\">\n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/therapeutic-area\/obesity\/biomarker-panel\/type-ii-diabetes\/\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            xl:group-[.dark-button]:hover:text-fontlight\n            border-2 border-turquoise border-solid rounded-full\n            xl:hover:[&#038;_svg_path]:fill-fontlight\n            group\/button\n            \" target=\"_blank\">\n            Explore our diabetes biomarkers            <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/biomarker-antibody-nordic-bioscience.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Separation between healthy and type 2 diabetes<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>There is a significant separation between healthy people and individuals with T2D based on serum levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling biomarkers. Across all eight biomarkers, individuals with T2D show consistently elevated median levels compared to age-and gender matched healthy controls, indicating upregulated fibrotic activity and matrix turnover characteristic of diabetic tissue pathology. Data are median (IQR); T2D (<i>n <\/i>= 267); healthy subjects (<i>n<\/i> = 79).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/nordic-pro-c3\/\">NordicPRO-C3\u2122<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/pro-c6\/\">nordicPRO-C6\u2122<\/a>, markers of collagen type III and VI formation respectively, are markedly higher in T2D, pointing to increased fibrogenesis and pro-fibrotic signaling\u2014particularly through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/news\/press-release-nordic-bioscience-launches-novel-endotrophin-assay\/\">Endotrophin<\/a> in the case of nordicPRO-C6\u2122. The nordicPRO-C3\u2122\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/c3m\/\">C3M<\/a> ratio, which captures the imbalance between collagen III synthesis and degradation, is also significantly elevated, suggesting a shift toward net matrix accumulation.<\/p>\n<p>Markers of degradation\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/c1m\/\">C1M<\/a> (collagen I), C3M (collagen III), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/c4m\/\">C4M<\/a> (collagen IV)\u2014are elevated in T2D as well, though the increase in formation markers is generally more pronounced. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/tum\/\">TUM<\/a> (tumstatin, a fragment of collagen IV cleaved by MMP-2 and MMP-9) and TIM (titin fragment from MMP-12-mediated breakdown) further reinforce a systemic increase in MMP-driven proteolysis within diabetic individuals.<\/p>\n<p>This biomarker profile reflects dysregulated ECM turnover in T2D, integrating increased collagen deposition with enhanced matrix degradation, a fibrotic phenotype consistent with known vascular and organ complications. The clear separation from healthy subjects across all markers supports the use of these ECM metrics for stratifying disease burden and evaluating therapeutic interventions targeting tissue remodeling in metabolic disease.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/type-2-diabetes-healthy-diseased-seperation-nordic-bioscience.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Disease progression in diabetes<\/h2>\n            <p>The survival curves demonstrate that elevated baseline levels of serum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/pro-c6\/\">nordicPRO-C6\u2122<\/a> are predictive of adverse clinical outcomes in individuals with T2D and microalbuminuria. Stratification by nordicPRO-C6\u2122 tertiles shows progressively poorer outcomes with increasing biomarker concentration.<\/p>\n<p>Cumulative survival decreases most rapidly in the highest nordicPRO-C6\u2122 tertile group, reflecting elevated all-cause mortality risk. A similar pattern can be observed for major adverse cardiovascular events (CV death, stroke, ischemic cardiovascular disease, and heart failure), with the highest tertile experiencing significantly more events over time. Kidney disease progression\u2014defined as a \u226530% decline in eGFR\u2014is again most prominent in the highest tertile, indicating predictive validity of nordicPRO-C6\u2122 for kidney deterioration.<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":7309,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordicpro-c6-type-2-diabetes-disease-progression-nordic-biosience.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2176\" height=\"1021\" class=\"wp-image-7309 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordicpro-c6-type-2-diabetes-disease-progression-nordic-biosience.webp\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordicpro-c6-type-2-diabetes-disease-progression-nordic-biosience.webp 2176w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordicpro-c6-type-2-diabetes-disease-progression-nordic-biosience-300x141.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordicpro-c6-type-2-diabetes-disease-progression-nordic-biosience-1024x480.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordicpro-c6-type-2-diabetes-disease-progression-nordic-biosience-768x360.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordicpro-c6-type-2-diabetes-disease-progression-nordic-biosience-1536x721.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordicpro-c6-type-2-diabetes-disease-progression-nordic-biosience-2048x961.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2176px) 100vw, 2176px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n<p>Hazard ratios per doubling of nordicPRO-C6\u2122 levels are statistically significant after adjustment for conventional risk factors including age, sex, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, smoking status, HbA1c, plasma creatinine, and urinary albumin excretion. This confirms the independent prognostic value of nordicPRO-C6\u2122 across multiple organ systems. Its incorporation into risk stratification algorithms can enhance early identification of individuals at highest risk for mortality, cardiovascular complications, and kidney decline, thereby informing therapeutic prioritization and long-term disease management.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<section class=\"call-to-action\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-greybg\n        bg-dark\n        xl:flex-row-reverse\n        xl:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 xl:gap-10 flex-col\">\n        <article style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/lila-2-webp-1024x682.webp)\" class=\"bg-cover shadow-main flex overflow-clip flex-col justify-between px-5 py-10 rounded-md bg-gray-600 xl:p-40 text-column xl:rounded-xl after:content-[''] after:block after:inset-0 relative after:absolute after:bg-gradient-to-b from-black\/0 to-black\">\n            <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto relative z-10\">\n                <div class=\"text-center text-balance\">\n                     \n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"mb-8 text-center !text-fontlight\/90 body-text text-balance\">\n                                            <\/div>\n                    \n                    \n                    <div class=\"flex flex-col items-center w-full gap-4 md:gap-6 xl:mt-8 xl:flex-row xl:justify-center group light-button\">\n                                                                                    <div class=\"w-full text-center md:w-auto\">\n\n                                            <a href=\"mailto:bd@nordicbioscience.com?subject=General%20Inquiry\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            xl:group-[.dark-button]:hover:text-fontlight\n            border-2 border-turquoise border-solid rounded-full\n            xl:hover:[&#038;_svg_path]:fill-fontlight\n            group\/button\n            \" target=\"\">\n            Interested to learn more? Reach out!            <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/article>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Pharmacodynamic modulation in type 2 diabetes<\/h2>\n            <p>In the AWARD-7 trial, we showed pharmacodynamic modulation of ECM remodeling biomarkers in participants with T2D. Changes in urinary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/c3m\/\">C3M <\/a>(a marker of collagen type III degradation), normalized to urinary creatinine, can be observed in Dulaglutide treatment results in a marked increase over 52 weeks, suggesting enhanced matrix turnover. In contrast, insulin glargine leads to a progressive decline, indicating reduced ECM degradation. These divergent trends suggest that dulaglutide promotes remodeling dynamics, potentially reversing fibrotic activity.<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":7312,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordic-pro-c6-c3m-biomarkers-pharmacodynamic-modulation-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience_v2.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"529\" class=\"wp-image-7312 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordic-pro-c6-c3m-biomarkers-pharmacodynamic-modulation-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience_v2-1024x529.webp\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordic-pro-c6-c3m-biomarkers-pharmacodynamic-modulation-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience_v2-1024x529.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordic-pro-c6-c3m-biomarkers-pharmacodynamic-modulation-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience_v2-300x155.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordic-pro-c6-c3m-biomarkers-pharmacodynamic-modulation-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience_v2-768x397.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordic-pro-c6-c3m-biomarkers-pharmacodynamic-modulation-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience_v2-1536x794.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordic-pro-c6-c3m-biomarkers-pharmacodynamic-modulation-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience_v2.webp 1965w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n<p>At the same time, serum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/pro-c6\/\">nordicPRO-C6\u2122<\/a> levels showed that dulaglutide significantly reduced nordicPRO-C6\u2122 from baseline, whereas insulin glargine drives a steady increase over time. The data support the potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists like dulaglutide to not only manage glycemic parameters but also favorably modulate fibrotic processes, positioning these ECM markers as valuable tools for pharmacodynamic profiling in T2D drug development.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">NordicPRO-C6\u2122 signals treatment efficacy<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>Longitudinal plasma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/pro-c6\/\">nordicPRO-C6\u2122<\/a> levels in individuals with T2D over a 5-year period (from the DC-ren study), compared the effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASi) monotherapy versus combination therapy with RASi and a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i).<\/p>\n<p>Participants on RASi monotherapy exhibited an upward trajectory in nordicPRO-C6\u2122 concentrations, indicating persistent or increasing pro-fibrotic signaling over time. In contrast, those receiving combined RASi + SGLT2i therapy show a downward trend in plasma nordicPRO-C6\u2122 levels, with a statistically significant difference in slope (p = 0.002), suggesting that combination therapy actively suppresses fibrogenic processes.<\/p>\n<p>Given that nordicPRO-C6\u2122 reflects collagen type VI formation and endotrophin-mediated fibrosis, this decline aligns with the observed kidney benefit\u2014specifically a slower decline in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/egfr\/\">eGFR<\/a>\u2014among individuals on dual therapy.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/nordic-pro-c6-pharmacodynamic-modulation-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Prediction of treatment response in type 2 diabetes<\/h2>\n            <p>We demonstrated the predictive utility of baseline serum <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/pro-c6\/\">nordicPRO-C6\u2122<\/a> levels for treatment response to pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer and PPAR\u03b3 agonist, in individuals with T2D from the BALLET trial. Participants were stratified into tertiles based on their initial nordicPRO-C6\u2122 concentrations, and their glycemic outcomes were tracked over 26 weeks.<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":7308,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/prediction-treatment-response-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"494\" class=\"wp-image-7308 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/prediction-treatment-response-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience-1024x494.webp\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/prediction-treatment-response-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience-1024x494.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/prediction-treatment-response-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience-300x145.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/prediction-treatment-response-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience-768x370.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/prediction-treatment-response-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience-1536x741.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/prediction-treatment-response-type-2-diabetes-nordic-bioscience.webp 2046w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n<p>Only participants in the middle and high nordicPRO-C6\u2122 tertiles exhibit substantial reductions in HbA1c, with the greatest decline observed in the upper tertile. In contrast, individuals in the lowest tertile show minimal to no glycemic improvement.<\/p>\n<p>Incorporating nordicPRO-C6\u2122 profiling into clinical decision-making can enable more targeted use of insulin sensitizers, avoiding unnecessary exposure in predicted non-responders and enhancing precision in T2D therapy.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Mechanisms of DKD and diabetic cardiomyopathy<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/renal\/diabetic-kidney-disease\/\">Diabetic kidney disease (DKD)<\/a> and diabetic cardiomyopathy are initiated by systemic changes, triggering metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic processes contributing to disease progression.<\/p>\n<p>Metabolic disturbances lead to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, generation of reactive oxygen species, and increased oxidative stress, which induce the production of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory factors and lead to altered metabolism, inflammation, and ECM remodeling.<\/p>\n<p>An imbalance in the formation and\/or degradation of ECM components is highly linked with the development of fibrosis. Together these changes mediate cellular hypertrophy and proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis, ultimately resulting in organ failure <em>(<\/em><em>MR, mineralcorticoid receptor; TGF-\u03b2, transforming growth factor-\u03b2; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; TNF-\u03b1, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1; IL-6, interleukin-6; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9).<\/em><\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-6 xl:mt-8 group dark-button\">\n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/therapeutic-area\/obesity\/biomarker-panel\/type-ii-diabetes\/\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            xl:group-[.dark-button]:hover:text-fontlight\n            border-2 border-turquoise border-solid rounded-full\n            xl:hover:[&#038;_svg_path]:fill-fontlight\n            group\/button\n            \" target=\"\">\n            Order diabetes biomarkers            <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/mechanism-diabetic-kidney-disease-diabetic-cardiomyopathy-nordic-bioscience.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 lg:pb-0 xl:pb-0 p-5 pb-0 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n        <div>\n                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-lg text-navy\">About diabetes<\/h2>\n         \n        <\/div>\n            <ul class=\"accordion\">\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"1\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">What is diabetes?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-1\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-1\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p>Diabetes, a cardiometabolic disease, is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century. Today, diabetes is considered a cardiometabolic disease, defined as \u201c<i>a cluster of interrelated risk factors<\/i>\u201d1. Vascular and metabolic factors, such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, elevated inflammatory and fibrotic markers, and complications of diabetes, fall within cardiometabolic disease. The major complications of diabetes are generally separated into macrovascular, affecting the heart and vasculature, and microvascular, affecting the kidneys, eyes, and nerves.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>CVD is the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity among people with diabetes. Several factors increase the risk of a CV event, such as increasing age, diabetes, CKD, current smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, unhealthy diet, family history, obesity, and physical inactivity. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal cardiac structure and function in the absence of other CV risk factors. The diagnosis is based on left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and\/or reduced LV ejection fraction, pathological LV hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>CKD among people with diabetes is common. It has been estimated that up to 40% of persons with diabetes will develop CKD during their lifetime2. CKD can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or kidney failure, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. DKD typically develops after a diabetes duration of 10 years in T1D but may already be present at diagnosis of T2D.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"2\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">What are biomarkers and why are they important in diabetes research?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-2\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-2\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p data-start=\"34\" data-end=\"399\">Biomarkers are measurable indicators of biological processes, such as tissue remodeling or inflammation. In diabetes, they help track disease progression, predict complications like kidney or heart disease, and assess treatment response\u2014enabling earlier intervention and more personalized care.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"3\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">How can ECM biomarkers improve diabetes management?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-3\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-3\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"783\">Extracellular matrix (ECM) biomarkers reflect fibrotic activity in organs like the kidneys and heart. Measuring collagen formation (e.g., nordicPRO-C3\u2122, nordicPRO-C6\u2122) and degradation (e.g., C3M, C4M) helps identify people at higher risk for adverse outcomes and monitor how therapies influence tissue remodeling in real time.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"4\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">Can biomarkers predict complications in type 2 diabetes?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-4\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-4\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <p data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"1131\">Yes. Elevated levels of nordicPRO-C6\u2122, a marker of type VI collagen formation and endotrophin activity, are associated with higher risks of mortality, cardiovascular events, and kidney disease progression. This biomarker has independent prognostic value beyond conventional risk factors.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1476\">\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                            <!-- Accordion Item -->\n                <li>\n                    <button data-index=\"5\" \n                            class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full py-5 font-bold text-m-title-sm xl:text-d-title-sm accordion-button text-navy\">\n                        <span class=\"text-start\">What makes Nordic Bioscience\u2019s biomarker technology unique in diabetes care?<\/span>\n                        <span id=\"icon-5\" class=\"transition-transform duration-300 text-turquoise\">\n                            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"currentColor\" class=\"w-4 h-4 xl:w-6 xl:h-6\">\n                                <path d=\"M8.75 3.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v3.5h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h3.5v3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-3.5h3.5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-3.5v-3.5Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n                    <div id=\"content-5\" class=\"overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out accordion-content max-h-0\">\n                        <div class=\"pb-5 text-sm max-w-[600px] text-blue\">\n                            <article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-116\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @[37rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @[72rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:32rem] @[34rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @[64rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto flex max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"ef062858-2897-4efc-a47d-16024c646e29\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words dark\">\n<p data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"1884\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">The Nordic ProteinFingerPrint Technology\u2122 captures dynamic changes in ECM turnover\u2014offering a more precise view of fibrotic processes than traditional clinical markers. These serum and urine-based tests support risk stratification, clinical trial enrichment, and precision medicine strategies in diabetes and its complications.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n    \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-greybg\n        bg-dark\n        xl:flex-row-reverse\n        xl:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 xl:gap-10 flex-col xl:flex-row-reverse\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                  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