{"id":563,"date":"2025-01-16T13:17:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-16T13:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/?post_type=biomarker-solutions&#038;p=563"},"modified":"2025-06-03T07:40:16","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T07:40:16","slug":"cafs-cancer-associated-fibroblasts","status":"publish","type":"biomarker-solution","link":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/cancer\/cafs-cancer-associated-fibroblasts\/","title":{"rendered":"Cancer-associated Fibroblasts (CAFs)"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">Nordic Bioscience CAF biomarkers<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>During tumor progression, collagen fragments are released from the fibrotic tumor microenvironment into the bloodstream. Nordic Bioscience can detect these collagen fragments in the circulation using\u00a0the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/technology\/nordic-proteinfingerprint-technology\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2167\">Nordic ProteinFingerPrint Technology\u2122<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nordic Bioscience\u2019s fibroblast and CAF biomarkers can quantify fibroblast and CAF activity, which are associated with prognosis and treatment response in cancer patients.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, Nordic Bioscience\u2019s CAF biomarkers can identify collagen subgroups related to specific CAF subtypes. Such collagen subgroups are capable of identifying specific CAF subgroups and identifying patients with specific CAF subtypes.<\/p>\n<p>CAF biomarkers can be used anywhere from target identification to pharmacodynamics to stratification of patients in clinical trials.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"mt-8 mb-4 xl:mb-8 links\">\n                        <h3 class=\"mb-2 text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm\">Publications<\/h3>\n                        <ul class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-2\">\n                                                                                                 <li>\n                                        <a class=\"inline-block transition ease-out duration-100 px-[6px] py-1 group-[.dark]:bg-[#434343] group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm bg-border rounded-sm text-blue xl:hover:bg-petroleum xl:hover:text-fontlight group-[.dark]:xl:hover:bg-petroleum group-[.dark]:xl:hover:text-fontlight\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/publication\/?search=caf\" target=\"_blank\">CAFs<\/a>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                                                                                 <li>\n                                        <a class=\"inline-block transition ease-out duration-100 px-[6px] py-1 group-[.dark]:bg-[#434343] group-[.dark]:text-fontlight text-body-sm bg-border rounded-sm text-blue xl:hover:bg-petroleum xl:hover:text-fontlight group-[.dark]:xl:hover:bg-petroleum group-[.dark]:xl:hover:text-fontlight\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/publication\/?search=%22tumor%20microenvironment%22\" target=\"_blank\">Tumor microenvironment<\/a>\n                                    <\/li>\n                                                                                    <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-6 xl:mt-8 group dark-button\">\n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-portfolio\/therapeutic-area\/cancer\/\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            xl:group-[.dark-button]:hover:text-fontlight\n            border-2 border-turquoise border-solid rounded-full\n            xl:hover:[&#038;_svg_path]:fill-fontlight\n            group\/button\n            \" target=\"_blank\">\n            Visit our cancer biomarker portfolio            <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cancer-cafs-nordic-bioscience-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row-reverse\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">CAF biology and relation to collagens<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>CAFs are responsible for\u00a0extracellular matrix remodeling\u00a0during cancer progression\u2014a process that leads to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/oncology\/tumor-fibrosis\/\">tumor fibrosis<\/a>\u00a0(desmoplasia) surrounding the tumor cells. During this process, CAFs are the main synthesizers of collagens, especially the major collagens such as type I, III, V and VI collagens.<\/p>\n<p>Recent evidence has also shown that CAFs produce minor collagens such as type X, XI, XII and XIV, XVIII, XXI and XXII. The upregulation of these minor collagens (The Minor Collagen Hypothesis) is thought to have profound pathological effects on tumor progression, as these collagens are present only at very low levels in healthy adult humans.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cancer-cafs-nordic-bioscience2-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"call-to-action\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-greybg\n        bg-dark\n        xl:flex-row-reverse\n        xl:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 xl:gap-10 flex-col\">\n        <article style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/lila-2-webp-1024x682.webp)\" class=\"bg-cover shadow-main flex overflow-clip flex-col justify-between px-5 py-10 rounded-md bg-gray-600 xl:p-40 text-column xl:rounded-xl after:content-[''] after:block after:inset-0 relative after:absolute after:bg-gradient-to-b from-black\/0 to-black\">\n            <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto relative z-10\">\n                <div class=\"text-center text-balance\">\n                     \n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"mb-8 text-center !text-fontlight\/90 body-text text-balance\">\n                                            <\/div>\n                    \n                    \n                    <div class=\"flex flex-col items-center w-full gap-4 md:gap-6 xl:mt-8 xl:flex-row xl:justify-center group light-button\">\n                                                                                    <div class=\"w-full text-center md:w-auto\">\n\n                                            <a href=\"mailto:bd@nordicbioscience.com?subject=General%20Inquiry\" class=\"group button fill flex items-center font-poppins px-6 py-4 gap-2 transition ease-out duration-200 \n            bg-buttonfill \n            xl:hover:bg-petroleum \n            xl:hover:border-petroleum \n            group-[.dark-button]:text-fontdark \n            group-[.light-button]:text-fontlight\n            xl:group-[.dark-button]:hover:text-fontlight\n            border-2 border-turquoise border-solid rounded-full\n            xl:hover:[&#038;_svg_path]:fill-fontlight\n            group\/button\n            \" target=\"\">\n            Interested to learn more? Reach out!            <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path class=\"group-[.dark-button]:fill-fontdark group-[.light-button]:fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/button:!fill-fontlight xl:group-hover\/subtlebutton:!fill-turquoise transition ease-out duration-200\" d=\"M8.0026 2.66699L7.0626 3.60699L10.7826 7.33366L2.66927 7.33366L2.66927 8.66699L10.7826 8.66699L7.05594 12.387L8.0026 13.3337L13.3359 8.00033L8.0026 2.66699Z\" fill=\"#F8F8F8\"\/>\n            <\/svg>\n            <!--group\/button-->\n        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/article>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"one-column-block bg-grey py-10\">\n<div class=\"inner xl:p-10 xl:pt-20 xl:pb-20 lg:p-8 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n\n        <div class=\"max-w-[900px] mx-auto wysiwyg\">\n            <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">CAF biology and relation to collagens<\/h2>\n            <p>CAFs are responsible for\u00a0extracellular matrix remodeling\u00a0during cancer progression\u2014a process that leads to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/biomarker-solution\/oncology\/tumor-fibrosis\/\">tumor fibrosis<\/a>\u00a0(desmoplasia) surrounding the tumor cells. During this process, CAFs are the main synthesizers of collagens, especially the major collagens such as type I, III, V and VI collagens.<\/p>\n<p>Recent evidence has also shown that CAFs produce minor collagens such as type X, XI, XII and XIV, XVIII, XXI and XXII. The upregulation of these minor collagens (The Minor Collagen Hypothesis) is thought to have profound pathological effects on tumor progression, as these collagens are present only at very low levels in healthy adult humans.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, tumor fibrosis leads to decreased treatment efficacy, as standard-of-care cancer therapies cannot reach tumor cells due to the stromal barrier. Immunotherapies have also been shown to be inhibited by tumor fibrosis, as immune cells (T-cells and NK-cells) become fixed and inactivated in the fibrous tumor microenvironment.<\/p>\n<p>Evidence has shown that clearance of CAFs might not necessarily lead to effective anticancer therapy, but instead requires a shift in certain CAF subtypes. Currently, there is an urgent need for CAF biomarkers that can be used to identify specific CAF subtypes and to identify patients with specific CAF subtypes.\u00a0Several CAF subtypes have been found to exhibit different collagen expressions. MyCAFs express high levels of COL8A1, COL10A1, COL11A1, and COL12A1, iCAFs express high levels of COL14A1, and stellate-like CAFs express high levels of COL4A1\/2 and COL18A1 (Figure 1). In addition to myCAFs, iCAFs, and stellate-like CAFs, other subpopulations also show different collagen expression patterns associated with immunosuppression and response to therapy.<\/p>\n<p>Nordic Bioscience\u2019s CAF biomarkers have high translational value as the same biomarkers can be measured\u00a0<em>in vitro<\/em>\u00a0(supernatant) and\u00a0<em>in vivo<\/em>\u00a0samples (serum\/plasma) as well as in human material (serum).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/laboratory-services\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1976\">Our laboratory services<\/a>\u00a0offer customized solutions for your cancer biomarker needs.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/collagens-essential-for-embryogenesis-reoccr-in-caf-nordic-bioscience-1024x768.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-585\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/collagens-essential-for-embryogenesis-reoccr-in-caf-nordic-bioscience-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/collagens-essential-for-embryogenesis-reoccr-in-caf-nordic-bioscience-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/collagens-essential-for-embryogenesis-reoccr-in-caf-nordic-bioscience-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/collagens-essential-for-embryogenesis-reoccr-in-caf-nordic-bioscience.webp 1169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 1.<\/strong><\/em> <em>Collagens essential for embryogenesis reoccur in CAF subtypes:<br>Circulating collagen biomarkers may guide drug development of CAF-modulating therapies (as presented at AACR 2023)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file aligncenter\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-bc16c277-201c-4be5-8087-9e34a61067bd\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/caf-subtypes-nordic-bioscience-aacr23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Figure 1.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/caf-subtypes-nordic-bioscience-aacr23.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-bc16c277-201c-4be5-8087-9e34a61067bd\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic 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