{"id":2353,"date":"2025-02-01T22:01:57","date_gmt":"2025-02-01T22:01:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/?page_id=2353"},"modified":"2025-06-06T08:48:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T08:48:44","slug":"what-is-a-biomarker","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/why-biomarkers\/what-is-a-biomarker\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a biomarker?"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"title-block\">\n    <div class=\"inner xl:p-10 lg:p-8 lg:pb-0 xl:pb-0 p-5 pb-0 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto\">\n        <div class=\"breadcrumbs\">\n            <ul class=\"flex text-body-sm text-blue\">\n                <li class=\"flex items-center after:mx-[5px] after:content-[''] after:my-auto after:inline-block after:w-1 after:h-1 after:rounded-full after:bg-gray-400 after:aspect-square\">\n                    <a class=\"py-1 opacity-75 xl:hover:opacity-100 truncate max-w-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\">Home<\/a>\n                <\/li>\n                <li class=\"flex items-center after:mx-[5px] after:content-[''] after:my-auto after:inline-block after:w-1 after:h-1 after:rounded-full after:bg-gray-400 after:aspect-square\">\n                                <a class=\"opacity-75 xl:hover:opacity-100 truncate max-w-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/why-biomarkers\/\">Why Biomarkers?<\/a>\n                              <\/li>                <li class=\"flex items-center truncate max-w-40\"> \n                    \n                    <p class=\"\"class=\"py-1\">\n                    What is a biomarker?                    <\/p>\n                <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        <h1 class=\"font-bold text-navy text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-lg\">What is a biomarker?<\/h1>\n            <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">What are biomarkers used for?<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>A biomarker is a characteristic of a biological process that occurs naturally or during pathogenesis, and it can serve as a function of therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are an essential part of drug discovery, all the way from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/from-biomarker-discovery-to-clinical-use\/\">pre-clinical discovery to clinical validation<\/a>\u00a0and implementation, and the importance of biomarkers in decision-making continues to increase.<\/p>\n<p>Better informative biomarkers can increase the likelihood of drug advancement or approval, and implementing biomarkers increases the success rate in drug development.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cf0\">Clinical decision making is relying more and more on the importance of biomarkers.\u00a0However, biomarkers validated to high standards, and biomarkers that reflect biological and pathological processes accurately are still a growing area.\u00a0<\/span>Such biomarkers are needed to develop treatments faster, and to improve and guide clinical trial design by selecting and de-selecting patients.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nordic_bio32265.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column-text group  bg-\">\n   <div class=\"inner lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:flex-row lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"w-full left-column lg:w-1\/2 xl:w-1\/2 wysiwyg\">\n             <figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2366 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/clinical-utility-biomarkers-nordic-bioscience-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/clinical-utility-biomarkers-nordic-bioscience-scaled.webp 2560w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/clinical-utility-biomarkers-nordic-bioscience-300x132.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/clinical-utility-biomarkers-nordic-bioscience-1024x451.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/clinical-utility-biomarkers-nordic-bioscience-768x338.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/clinical-utility-biomarkers-nordic-bioscience-1536x676.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/clinical-utility-biomarkers-nordic-bioscience-2048x902.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Table 1.<\/strong>\u00a0Clinical utility value of biomarker implementation.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"w-full right-column lg:w-1\/2 xl:w-1\/2 wysiwyg\">\n             <div class=\"page-header page-header-custom-default\">\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"block-fc\">Biomarkers in drug development<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>The value of using biomarkers in clinical drug development is profuse, and the results are often significant improvements in trial design, evaluation, and outcome.<\/p>\n<p>The table below summarizes the different uses of biomarkers across the spectrum of clinical development, from pre-clinical research through early- and late-stage clinical development. In many cases, biomarkers form the basis of clinical decision making, making them necessary and highly valuable tools.<\/p>\n        <\/div>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column-text group  bg-\">\n   <div class=\"inner lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:flex-row lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"w-full left-column lg:w-1\/2 xl:w-1\/2 wysiwyg\">\n             <div class=\"page-header page-header-custom-default\">\n<h2 class=\"block-fc\">Drug development should focus on the extracellular matrix<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"block-fc\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/technology\/protein-fingerprint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Protein biomarkers<\/a>\u00a0are often used for various applications during drug development, including initial mechanism of action, on- and off target effects, proof of concept and in guiding dose-selection for clinical trials. An essential fact of drug development is that biomarkers of ECM remodeling provide tools for evaluating changes to the ground substance in the organs. This is because collagens and other ECM proteins make up the main bulk of organs.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, more than 50 different diseases are associated with changes in the tissues of organs, tissue formation or degradation, leading to tissue changes that affect tissue function. For example, dysregulated tissue homeostasis is a common feature associated with fibro-inflammatory diseases. It is implicated as both a cause and consequence of disease and outcome, is associated with up to 35% of deaths in the western world and is projected to increase. To be truly efficacious, and not just symptomatic, drug developers should also focus on treatments that affect the organs and reverse the organ damage conflicted in the ECM.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"w-full right-column lg:w-1\/2 xl:w-1\/2 wysiwyg\">\n             <p><!-- wp:image {\"lightbox\":{\"enabled\":true},\"id\":2367,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2367 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tissue-turnover-quantification-nordic-bioscience-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1739\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tissue-turnover-quantification-nordic-bioscience-scaled.webp 2560w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tissue-turnover-quantification-nordic-bioscience-300x204.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tissue-turnover-quantification-nordic-bioscience-1024x696.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tissue-turnover-quantification-nordic-bioscience-768x522.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tissue-turnover-quantification-nordic-bioscience-1536x1043.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tissue-turnover-quantification-nordic-bioscience-2048x1391.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Figure 1.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>Quantifying pathological tissue turnover distinguished from healthy tissue turnover. During normal tissue homeostasis, there is a balance between tissue formation and degradation, necessary to preserve tissue function. In disease affected tissue the balance is distorted, which can lead to impaired tissue- and organ function. These processes can be quantified by biomarkers reflecting ECM turnover, but advanced assays measuring specific neo-epitopes are needed which accurately quantify both tissue formation and degradation, in order to quantify the balance.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n        <\/div>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white bg-white\">\n        <!-- \n        initialize dynamic classes\n        bg-grey\n        bg-dark\n        lg:flex-row-reverse\n        lg:flex-row\n        -->\n   <div class=\"inner items-center lg:p-8 xl:p-10 p-5 max-w-[1440px] mx-auto flex gap-4 lg:gap-8 xl:gap-10 flex-col lg:flex-row-reverse\">\n        <article class=\"flex flex-col justify-between flex-1 text-column lg:py-8 xl:py-10\">\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"mb-4 font-bold xl:mb-8 title text-m-title-lg xl:text-d-title-md group-[.white]:text-navy group-[.grey]:text-navy group-[.dark]:text-fontlight\">The importance of measuring tissue turnover<\/h2>\n                 \n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wysiwyg mb-8 xl:mb-0 body-text group-[.white]:text-blue group-[.grey]:text-blue group-[.dark]:text-fontlightbody\">\n                    <p>The process of tissue formation and degradation\u00a0is constantly ongoing but turns pathological when deposition of newly formed proteins exceeds the degradation or vice versa. These tissue changes can be monitored non-invasively in blood tests, however, it is important to know exactly what the applied biomarkers reflect. Specific neo-epitope generated biomarkers serve as a more accurate measure of ongoing tissue modulation as compared to epitopes that are generically generated, which impacts the information and utility that can be derived thereof (figure 1).<\/p>\n<p>Biomarkers accurately\u00a0reflecting ECM turnover\u00a0can be used as measures to quantify ongoing tissue remodeling in diseases, which provide crucial information on disease status, risk of progression and risk of adverse outcome.<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                        <\/article>\n        <figure class=\"flex-1 rounded-md -order-1 xl:order-none  xl:rounded-xl overflow-clip media-column shadow-main\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"object-cover min-h-full aspect-square\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nordicbioscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nordic_bio32480.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/figure>   \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"two-column group white 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